ART 4
2-DAY 28 May
v.8.40 |
| DEATHS:
1749 SUBLEYRAS — 1968 VAN DONGEN
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Born on 28 May 1810: Alexandre
Calame, Swiss painter, draftsman, and printmaker, specialized
in Landscapes,
who died on 17 March 1864. {Did his critics refer to his paintings
as “calameties” ?} — He studied under François Diday in Geneva and then traveled to Paris (1837), to the Netherlands and Düsseldorf (1838), to Italy (1844) and to London (1850). Despite his frail health he spent each summer painting in the mountains of the Bernese Oberland and central Switzerland, where he produced the drawings and studies from nature that were later used in his studio compositions. A fervent Calvinist, he saw his subjects, the grandiose forces of nature, stormy summits and torrents as well as calm lakes, as expressions of Divine power. He enjoyed success during his lifetime, partly due to a firm adherence to a conventional landscape painting tradition. Among his best-known pictures are Storm at Handeck (1839), Sunlight on the Upper Alps of the Valais, Opposite the Range of Mont-Rose (1844), Ruins of the Temples of Paestum (1847), and Lake of the Four Cantons (1855). Calame also left a large number of prints, notably lithographs, and a quantity of drawings. — Calame was born at Vevey in the canton of Vaud, the son of a marble carver. In 1813 the family moved to Neuchâtel, then under Prussian government, where Calame spent his boyhood, marred by an accident in 1820 that cost him the sight of one eye. Following his father's bankruptcy, the family settled in Geneva in 1824, where young Alexandre found employment as a bank clerk. The death of his father in 1826 left him, at sixteen, as his and his mother's sole support. To supplement his income and to pay the debts left by his father, he colored engravings of Alpine views for the print trade. A kindly employer, sensing some talent in the boy, provided him with a small stipend that enabled him to take lessons in Geneva from the painter François Diday [1802-1877], a specialist in Alpine landscapes. From 1829 Calame began to produce watercolors of his own composition, and from 1830 his first, timid paintings in oil. Extremely hardworking, he made rapid progress. Married in 1834 to a musician, Amelie Muntz-Berger, a student of Franz Liszt, he first exhibited at the Paris Salon in 1835 and in 1837 visited Paris, where he familiarized himself with the work of such contemporary landscape painters as Jules Dupré [1811-1889] and Théodore Rousseau [1812-1867]. In the summer of 1838 Calame traveled in Holland, gathering impressions at The Hague and in Amsterdam of the work of the great Dutch landscape painters, among whom Jacob van Ruisdael [1628-1682] particularly affected him. The following year, his Storm at Handeggfall, much noticed at the Paris Salon, won him a second-class gold medal. Hereafter Calame rapidly gained wide recognition, rising from a first-class gold medal at the Paris Salon of 1841 for View of the Valley of d'Asarca, and the purchase of this picture by King Louis-Philippe, to the award of the Légion d'Honneur for Storm-Beaten Oaks (Waldstetten) following the Salon of 1842. Students from all parts of Europe now began to flock to his studio. His tour of Italy, undertaken in 1843 with a retinue of his disciples, was immortalized by Rodolphe Toepffer in Voyage en zigzag (1844), one of the classics of the romantic illustrated book. By 1845 Calame was considered to have surpassed his teacher, Diday, in what was their shared speciality, grand Alpine views under stormy skies. Charles Baudelaire, in his review of the Salon of 1845, joked that once it had been thought that a single artist of split personality hid under the names of Diday and Calame, but since then "it was noted that he used the name Calame on the days when his painting went well." The large exhibition pieces that spread Calame's name throughout Europe were composed according to a scheme that called for foregrounds of rock, torrents, and windswept pines beyond which the view opened on distant vistas of towering mountains, a formulaic arrangement that he enlivened with sharply observed details taken from close nature study. Extensive voyages took Calame to England (1850), Germany and the Netherlands (1852), and the Mediterranean (1853). An exhibitor at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1855, he was distinguished by Napoléon III who purchased his Lac des quatre cantons. Despite the provinciality of his milieu and the almost exclusively Swiss subject matter of his art, Calame achieved a surprising degree of international recognition, attested by his election to eight national academies and an abundant harvest of honors and decorations from the courts of Russia, Prussia, Belgium, and Holland; only the French critical press persisted in ignoring him. In the last years of his life, his productivity was taxed and his frail health strained by the many commissions that came to him from a large aristocratic and commercial clientele. Deeply religious, of taciturn and melancholy temperament, compulsively industrious, Calame suffered frequent illnesses and aged prematurely. A bout of pleurisy contributed to his death in Menton, France. — Calame's students included Gustave Castan, Arnold Corrodi, Robert Zünd, Alfred De Knyff. LINKS –- L'Arbre Abattu (1845, 25x41cm; 538x906pix, 60kb) _ détail 1 (580x775pix, 56kb) _ détail 2 (585x780pix, 63kb) _ détail 3 (577x780kb, 42kb) — Souvenir du Pilst (600x855pix, 179kb _ ZOOM to 1400x1995pix, 488kb) — Torrent De Montagne (1853, 86x121cm) — Étude de Paysage (1851, 33x44cm) — Une Ferme au Flanc d'une Montagne (32x51cm) — L'Éboulement (125x170cm) Genève vue du Petit Saconnex (1834; 99kb) — Paysage avec Chênes (1859; 140kb) —(070527) |
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>Died on 28 May 1749: Pierre
Hubert Subleyras, French painter born on 25 November 1699,
specialized in Historical
Subjects. Subleyras settled permanently in Rome after winning the Prix du Rome in 1727. He painted a variety of subjects, including portraits and still-lifes, but he is most highly regarded for his religious paintings, which are much more serious in spirit than most French work in the Rococo period. His most famous work is the Mass of Saint Basil. This huge picture was highly acclaimed when it was unveiled in 1748, but Subleyras died before he could follow up his success. He has subsequently been something of an underrated figure, but is now acknowleged to be one of the outstanding French painters of his period. — Rome, 28 mai 1749 D'une famille d'artisans catholiques originaires du Vaucluse, venus à Uzès pour travailler à la restauration de la cathédrale, Pierre Subleyras naquit à Saint-Gilles-du-Gard alors que ses parents avaient fui temporairement devant la recrudescence des conflits religieux. Son père, peintre, lui enseigna les premiers rudiments, mais son talent précoce, reconnu par le duc d'Uzès, le fit envoyer en 1717, à Toulouse dans l'atelier d'Antoine Rivalz, qui, revenu d'Italie, admirait Poussin et les Bolonais. Il travailla quelques années auprès de celui-ci avant d'aller à Paris où, élève de l'Académie Royale, il obtint du premier coup le Grand prix en 1727. À l'Académie de France à Rome il eut pour directeur Nicolas Vleughels qui lui apportait l'influence de Watteau, mais les rapports des deux hommes furent difficiles, et compliqués par l'admiration que l'ambassadeur, le duc de Saint-Aignan, portait au jeune artiste, lui permettant de rester "pensionnaire" au-delà des délais habituels et lui demandant de nombreux tableaux. Par son mariage avec une miniaturiste, Maria-Felice Tibaldi, fille d'un musicien réputé, Subleyras fut introduit dans le monde ecclésiastique, ce qui lui valut de nombreuses commandes : La cène chez Simon du couvent d'Asti des Chanoines réguliers du Latran (Paris, Louvre), tableaux pour les Olivétains de Pérouse, pour les Hiéronymites de Milan, et, pour les Camilliens, décorations pour la canonisation de saint Camille de Lellis. Après qu'il eut fait le portrait du pape Benoît XIV, le couronnement de sa carrière fut l'exécution d'un très grand tableau, La messe de saint Basile, pour la basilique de Saint-Pierre où l'on admire la monumentalité de sa peinture alliée au réalisme, qui avait fait de lui un remarquable portraitiste. LINKS Mass of Saint Basil (1743, 133x80cm) _ This painting is a large-size model for the altarpiece made for St. Peter's. This altarpiece is the masterpiece of the artist. Portrait of a Man (1745, 74x61cm) _ The sitter is believed to be Giuseppe Baretti.(holding an open book, making Mea Culpa gesture.) The Studio of the Painter (1749) _ The man at the left must be the artist, holding a self~portrait (different from the self~portrait available on the Internet). At center left, on the floor is the Mass of Saint Basil. The lowest painting at the extreme right on the wall is the portrait of pope Benedict XIV. Le Sacre de Louis XV (205x 255cm) _ Exécuté sur un dessin d'Antoine Rivalz, dont il était l'élève, ce Sacre de Louis XV est considéré comme la première oeuvre toulousaine de Subleyras. Si l'invention revient bien sûr à Rivalz, qui était alors certainement l'artiste le plus coté de Toulouse, Subleyras y exprime déjà son talent, en particulier dans les parties supérieures de la scène, moins soumises aux contraintes de la représentation d'un événement d'une telle importance. Ainsi, les acteurs principaux paraissent figés dans des attitudes très solennelles et un peu raides, alors que tout l'art de Subleyras s'exprime dans les spectateurs des tribunes : la couleur y est plus subtile, et la touche plus légère. Une lumière dorée éclaire les personnages qui, pour la plupart, se désintéressent de la scène du sacre. Subleyras a su apporter une pointe d'humour dans la représentation de ces spectateurs : le deuxième en partant de la droite semble incommodé par une odeur, puisqu'il se bouche le nez. Le contraste est saisissant avec les protagonistes du premier plan. Sur ces derniers, le génie du peintre s'exprime néanmoins dans la richesse des draperies, en particulier dans le détail des manteaux dorés des hauts dignitaires de l'Eglise qui entourent le jeune roi. Cette oeuvre, malgré les contraintes qui ont pesé sur Subleyras, est annonciatrice du talent de celui que ses contemporains surnommaient le "Poussin moderne", et qui fera l'essentiel de sa carrière à Rome. Pope Benedict XIV (125x98cm) (1741) painted shortly after the sitter's accession to the papal throne. Given to the Sorbonne by the Pope “as a measure of his esteem” in 1757. Confiscated during the Revolution. Numerous replicas of this portrait exist. In 1740 Prospero Lambertini [1675-1758] became the 245th Pope and took the name of Benedict XIV. He recognized the kingdom of Prussia. — Jacques-Antoine de Lironcourt (presumably) (1745, 74x61cm) _ The sitter is no longer thought to be the critic Giuseppe Baretti [1719-1789]. — Les oies du frère Philippe (1736, 30x23cm) _ Ce tableau illustre un conte de La Fontaine: un veuf, entré dans les ordres, avait élévé son fils dans l'ignorance des femmes jusqu'au jour où celui-ci questionne : "- Qu'est-ce là ? ... - C'est un oiseau qui s'appelle oie” lui répond-on. - “Menons-en une en notre bois, j'aurais soin de lui plaire". — L'Ermite (1732, 30x23cm) _ Ce tableau illustre un conte de La Fontaine: une mère offre sa fille à un ermite qui feint l'indignation sans pouvoir masquer son désir. Il lui fera un enfant. — Le Faucon (1735, 35x28cm) _ Illustration d'un autre conte de La Fontaine: Clitie réclame pour son fils malade le faucon de Frédéric qui, fou d'amour, s'est ruiné pour elle et vient de sacrifier l'oiseau, son dernier bien, pour leur repas. Attendrie, elle l'aimera de retour. — Caron passant les ombres (135x83cm; 1264x760pix, 91kb) _ La barque de Charon traverse le Styx pour amener les âmes en Enfer. Subleyras témoigne, dans cette oeuvre, d'une parfaite maîtrise du traitement des nus et des drapés. — The Vision of Saint Ignatius of Loyola (600x816pix) — A Woman (600x444pix) —(061124) |
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